Roanoke

Definition

Roanoke refers to the first English settlement in the Americas, established in 1585 on Roanoke Island, off the coast of present-day North Carolina. The settlement is famously known for its mysterious disappearance, often referred to as 'the Lost Colony,' which became a significant event during the English Renaissance, showcasing early attempts at colonization and the challenges faced by settlers.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Roanoke Colony was established under the authority of Sir Walter Raleigh, making it one of England's first attempts at permanent settlement in the New World.
2. John White, who led the second group of settlers, went back to England for supplies but could not return for three years due to the war with Spain.
3. When White returned in 1590, he found the colony deserted with only the word 'Croatoan' carved into a tree, leading to much speculation about what happened to the settlers.
4. The disappearance of the Roanoke settlers has led to various theories, including integration with local Indigenous tribes, death from starvation or disease, or relocation.
5. The mystery of Roanoke sparked interest in colonization and exploration during the English Renaissance and influenced future efforts in establishing settlements in North America.

Review Questions

• How did the establishment of Roanoke reflect the challenges faced by early English settlers in the Americas?
  • The establishment of Roanoke highlighted numerous challenges faced by early English settlers, including inadequate supplies, hostile relations with Indigenous peoples, and lack of knowledge about survival in a new environment. The settlers struggled with food shortages and poor planning, which ultimately led to their abandonment. This situation exemplified how unpreparedness and external pressures could jeopardize early colonization efforts.
• Evaluate the significance of Sir Walter Raleigh's role in the Roanoke Colony and its impact on subsequent colonization attempts.
  • Sir Walter Raleigh's role in sponsoring and promoting the Roanoke Colony was crucial as it represented England's ambitions for expansion in the New World. His efforts laid groundwork for future colonization attempts despite the failure of Roanoke. The lessons learned from this venture regarding planning, support, and relations with Indigenous peoples would influence later settlements like Jamestown, which was established with improved strategies for survival and governance.
• Analyze how the mystery surrounding Roanoke contributed to English colonial narratives and its cultural impact during the Renaissance period.
  • The mystery of Roanoke fueled English colonial narratives that emphasized adventure, exploration, and the unknown. The story of 'the Lost Colony' became a cultural touchstone that inspired literature and discussions about fate, survival, and interaction between cultures. This intrigue not only captivated audiences but also highlighted both the hopes and dangers associated with New World exploration during a time when England was seeking to expand its influence globally. This narrative shaped public perception and encouraged further investment in colonial ventures.

Related terms

John White: The governor of the Roanoke Colony who returned to England for supplies and was unable to return until three years later, finding the colony abandoned.

Virginia Company: A joint-stock company that aimed to establish colonies in America; it funded the establishment of the Roanoke Colony as part of its efforts to exploit the New World.

Sir Walter Raleigh: An English explorer and nobleman who sponsored the Roanoke Colony and played a key role in promoting English colonization efforts in the Americas.