Restoration England

Definition

Restoration England refers to the period in English history from 1660 to 1688 when the monarchy was restored after the Interregnum, which followed the English Civil War. This era was marked by the return of Charles II to the throne, bringing significant political, cultural, and social changes that shaped literature and arts, including works like 'Paradise Lost' by John Milton.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Restoration marked a return to monarchy with Charles II taking the throne, leading to an era of political stability after years of civil war and republican rule.
2. This period saw a resurgence in arts and literature, with notable works emerging that reflected the complexities of the human experience, such as Milton's 'Paradise Lost'.
3. Theaters reopened during Restoration England after being closed during Cromwell's rule, leading to a flourishing of drama and the rise of prominent playwrights like John Dryden and Aphra Behn.
4. Restoration England also experienced significant changes in social norms, particularly regarding sexuality and gender roles, which were often explored in literature of the time.
5. The Restoration established a more modern approach to governance, laying groundwork for constitutional monarchy as seen later in the Glorious Revolution.

Review Questions

• How did the restoration of Charles II influence literary themes during this period?
  • The restoration of Charles II brought a sense of optimism and stability after years of turmoil. This newfound stability allowed writers to explore complex themes related to human nature, authority, and morality without fear of censorship. In works like 'Paradise Lost', these themes are reflected through profound explorations of free will, temptation, and redemption, embodying the transitional spirit of Restoration England.
• Discuss the impact of Restoration England on the development of theater and drama.
  • Restoration England marked a pivotal moment for theater as it reopened following years of prohibition under Cromwell's rule. This era introduced new styles of drama that combined comedy with social commentary, reflecting the changing attitudes of society. Playwrights like Aphra Behn broke new ground with their explorations of gender dynamics and sexuality, which were not just entertainment but also critical reflections on contemporary life.
• Evaluate how Restoration England set the stage for future political developments in Britain.
  • Restoration England played a crucial role in shaping future political developments by establishing principles of governance that would influence constitutional monarchy. The balance between royal authority and parliamentary power began to take shape during this period. The events leading to the Glorious Revolution further solidified these ideas, demonstrating how Restoration England's legacy would resonate through British political evolution into a more democratic framework.

Related terms

Interregnum: The period between the execution of Charles I in 1649 and the restoration of Charles II in 1660 when England was ruled as a commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell.

The Glorious Revolution: The 1688 event that resulted in the overthrow of King James II and the establishment of William and Mary as co-monarchs, marking a shift towards constitutional monarchy.

Cromwellian Rule: The period when Oliver Cromwell led England as Lord Protector from 1653 to 1658, characterized by strict Puritanical laws and governance.