Fatty liver disease

Definition

Fatty liver disease refers to a condition where excess fat builds up in the liver, which can lead to inflammation and damage. This disease can be caused by various factors, including obesity, alcohol consumption, and metabolic disorders, impacting fatty acid oxidation and synthesis pathways in the body.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Fatty liver disease can be classified into two main types: alcoholic fatty liver disease (caused by excessive alcohol intake) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is more common.
2. The buildup of fat in the liver can disrupt normal liver function, leading to conditions such as steatohepatitis, which is characterized by inflammation and scarring of the liver tissue.
3. Risk factors for developing fatty liver disease include obesity, type 2 diabetes, high cholesterol levels, and a sedentary lifestyle.
4. Fatty acid synthesis is increased in fatty liver disease due to insulin resistance, while fatty acid oxidation is impaired, leading to the accumulation of lipids in liver cells.
5. Lifestyle modifications, such as weight loss, a balanced diet, and increased physical activity, are often recommended to manage and reverse fatty liver disease.

Review Questions

• How does insulin resistance contribute to the development of fatty liver disease?
  • Insulin resistance plays a significant role in the development of fatty liver disease by disrupting the normal metabolism of fats in the body. When cells become resistant to insulin, it leads to increased lipolysis in adipose tissue and an elevated influx of free fatty acids to the liver. This process stimulates de novo lipogenesis (fat synthesis) while simultaneously impairing the oxidation of fatty acids, resulting in an accumulation of fat in the liver.
• What are the potential complications associated with fatty liver disease if left untreated?
  • If fatty liver disease is left untreated, it can progress to more severe conditions such as non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, cirrhosis, or even hepatocellular carcinoma. The inflammation caused by NASH can lead to scarring of the liver tissue over time, which affects its functionality and increases the risk of liver failure. These complications highlight the importance of early detection and management of fatty liver disease.
• Evaluate the impact of dietary choices on the progression of fatty liver disease and potential strategies for prevention.
  • Dietary choices play a crucial role in both the progression and prevention of fatty liver disease. Diets high in refined sugars, saturated fats, and calories can exacerbate insulin resistance and promote fat accumulation in the liver. Conversely, adopting a diet rich in whole foods, including fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and healthy fats like omega-3 fatty acids, can improve insulin sensitivity and help reduce liver fat. Implementing strategies such as portion control, mindful eating, and regular meal timing can also be effective in preventing or managing this condition.

Related terms

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A form of fatty liver disease that occurs in individuals who consume little to no alcohol, often associated with obesity and insulin resistance.

Steatosis: The accumulation of fat within liver cells, which is a hallmark of fatty liver disease.

Lipotoxicity: The toxic effects of excessive free fatty acids on non-adipose tissues, including the liver, leading to inflammation and cell injury.