Cercopithecoidea

Definition

Cercopithecoidea, commonly known as Old World monkeys, is a superfamily of primates that includes a diverse range of species found primarily in Africa and Asia. They are characterized by their generally larger body sizes, complex social structures, and distinct skeletal adaptations that facilitate their diverse modes of locomotion, including quadrupedalism and some arboreal behavior.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Cercopithecoidea can be divided into two major groups: the Cercopithecinae (e.g., baboons and macaques) and the Colobinae (e.g., colobus monkeys and langurs).
2. These primates typically have a bilophodont molar pattern, which aids in their herbivorous diet that often consists of leaves and fruit.
3. Cercopithecoidea are known for their social complexity, often forming large troops that provide benefits such as protection from predators and increased foraging success.
4. Their limb proportions vary greatly, with some species having longer limbs adapted for leaping and climbing while others are more suited for terrestrial locomotion.
5. Old World monkeys do not possess prehensile tails, which distinguishes them from many New World monkey species; instead, they rely on their strong limbs for climbing and movement.

Review Questions

• How does the skeletal structure of cercopithecoidea contribute to their locomotion patterns?
  • The skeletal structure of cercopithecoidea is adapted for both arboreal and terrestrial locomotion. They generally possess longer limbs relative to their bodies, which allows for efficient movement through trees as well as on the ground. Their limb proportions vary among species; some have adaptations for leaping and climbing, while others are more suited for walking on all fours. This diversity in skeletal adaptations reflects their varying habitats and behaviors.
• What are the differences in dietary adaptations between the Cercopithecinae and Colobinae subfamilies within cercopithecoidea?
  • The Cercopithecinae subfamily typically includes species that have more generalized diets, often consuming a mix of fruits, seeds, and some animal matter, while the Colobinae subfamily is more specialized with adaptations for folivory, primarily feeding on leaves. This difference is reflected in their molar teeth structure; Cercopithecinae have a bilophodont pattern suitable for processing various food types, whereas Colobinae have adaptations to effectively grind tough plant material. These dietary preferences influence their social behavior and habitat use as well.
• Evaluate the role of social structures in the survival strategies of cercopithecoidea species.
  • Social structures play a crucial role in the survival strategies of cercopithecoidea species. Their complex social hierarchies allow for increased protection against predators through group vigilance and cooperative defense strategies. Larger troop sizes enhance foraging efficiency as individuals can take advantage of different resources and share information about food locations. Additionally, social bonds formed within these groups can facilitate grooming behaviors that strengthen alliances and reduce stress. Overall, their social structures significantly contribute to their adaptability and resilience in various environments.

Related terms

Quadrupedalism: A form of locomotion where an animal moves using all four limbs, which is common in many cercopithecoidea species.

Prehensile Tail: A type of tail that is capable of grasping or holding objects, often seen in some New World monkeys but not in cercopithecoidea.

Social Hierarchy: The structured social organization observed in many cercopithecoidea species, often involving dominance hierarchies among individuals.