The equation $$f = g \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$$ describes the gravitational force between two masses, where $$f$$ is the force, $$g$$ is the gravitational constant, $$m_1$$ and $$m_2$$ are the masses of the two objects, and $$r$$ is the distance between their centers. This fundamental relationship highlights how the gravitational attraction between two bodies is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance separating them. It connects to orbital dynamics by explaining how celestial bodies interact and maintain their orbits around each other, as seen in planetary motion governed by gravitational forces.
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