St. Louis Gateway Arch

Definition

The St. Louis Gateway Arch is a monumental arch-shaped structure that stands 630 feet tall, symbolizing the westward expansion of the United States and serving as a gateway to the American West. Designed by architect Eero Saarinen, it employs an innovative use of modern materials and engineering techniques, drawing inspiration from ancient Roman architectural principles, particularly the use of arches.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Gateway Arch was completed in 1965 and is recognized as the tallest arch in the world, symbolizing St. Louis's role as the 'Gateway to the West.'
2. The arch was constructed using stainless steel and weighs approximately 43,000 tons, showcasing advanced engineering techniques reminiscent of Roman architecture.
3. Its design was chosen through a national competition held in 1947, with Eero Saarinen's proposal standing out for its simplicity and elegance.
4. Visitors can take a tram to the top of the arch for panoramic views of St. Louis and the Mississippi River, highlighting its function as both a monument and a tourist attraction.
5. The Gateway Arch is part of the Jefferson National Expansion Memorial, which commemorates Thomas Jefferson's role in westward expansion and American history.

Review Questions

• How does the design of the St. Louis Gateway Arch reflect ancient Roman architectural principles?
  • The design of the St. Louis Gateway Arch incorporates fundamental concepts from ancient Roman architecture, particularly the use of the arch itself. The arch shape not only provides structural integrity but also symbolizes strength and durability, much like Roman constructions that utilized arches for bridges and buildings. Eero Saarinen's choice to use an arc in his design directly draws from these classical ideas, allowing for a modern interpretation that respects historical engineering methods.
• Discuss the significance of materials used in constructing the Gateway Arch in relation to advancements since Roman times.
  • The construction of the Gateway Arch utilized stainless steel, marking a significant advancement in material technology since Roman times when concrete was predominantly used. While Romans relied on concrete for durability and strength, modern engineering has expanded material choices, allowing for lighter yet robust structures like the Gateway Arch. This evolution illustrates how contemporary architects have built upon ancient techniques while integrating new materials to create iconic landmarks.
• Evaluate the cultural impact of the St. Louis Gateway Arch as a symbol of westward expansion and its relevance to contemporary society.
  • The St. Louis Gateway Arch serves as a powerful symbol of westward expansion, encapsulating themes of exploration and ambition within American history. Its presence not only commemorates past journeys but also prompts reflection on current societal issues regarding migration and cultural identity. As contemporary society grapples with questions of belonging and movement, the arch remains relevant by inspiring discussions about progress while acknowledging historical narratives tied to expansionism and its consequences.

Related terms

Arch: A curved structure that spans an opening and is used to support weight above it, commonly seen in ancient Roman architecture.

Cantilever: A structural element anchored at one end while the other end extends outward, commonly used in modern architecture to create overhanging structures.

Concrete: A building material made from a mixture of cement, water, and aggregates, which was a key component in both Roman architecture and modern constructions like the Gateway Arch.