key term - Cornice

Definition

A cornice is a horizontal decorative molding that crowns a building or structure, typically found at the top of a wall or just below the roofline. It serves both a practical and aesthetic purpose, helping to direct rainwater away from the walls while adding an elegant finish to architectural designs. Cornices can vary in style and detail, often reflecting the design traditions of their period.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In Archaic Greek architecture, cornices were often simple in design but became more elaborate with the development of the Doric and Ionic orders.
2. The cornice plays a crucial role in Classical temple architecture, providing a visual transition between the structure and the sky above.
3. Cornices were not only used in ancient temples but also became a standard feature in Roman architecture and later adaptations in Christian structures.
4. In addition to being decorative, cornices helped manage water drainage, directing rain away from the facade to prevent damage.
5. The Parthenon's cornice features intricate detailing that reflects the artistry and engineering prowess of Ancient Greek architects.

Review Questions

• How did the design of cornices evolve from Archaic architecture to Classical Greek architecture?
  • In Archaic architecture, cornices were primarily functional and less ornate. As architectural styles progressed into Classical Greek architecture, especially with the Doric and Ionic orders, cornices became more elaborate, featuring intricate carvings and designs. This evolution not only highlighted advancements in craftsmanship but also emphasized the aesthetic importance of cornices in temple designs.
• Discuss the role of the cornice in the overall design and function of the Parthenon.
  • The cornice of the Parthenon plays a pivotal role in both its design and functionality. It serves as a striking visual element that enhances the temple's grandeur while also contributing to structural integrity by directing rainwater away from the walls. The intricate detailing of the cornice complements other architectural elements like the frieze and pediments, creating a harmonious aesthetic that embodies Classical Greek ideals.
• Evaluate how the adaptation of Roman imagery in Christian sarcophagi utilized the concept of cornices to convey religious themes.
  • In Christian sarcophagi, cornices were adapted from Roman architectural elements to symbolize divine protection and elevate the significance of burial sites. These decorative moldings not only provided an ornamental frame for relief sculptures depicting biblical scenes but also echoed classical traditions while conveying spiritual messages. The use of cornices in this context illustrates how architectural motifs can be repurposed to align with new cultural narratives, reflecting a blend of artistic heritage and religious symbolism.

Related terms

frieze:

A frieze is a horizontal band of decoration found just below the cornice, often featuring sculpted or painted elements that contribute to the visual narrative of a building.

entablature:

An entablature is a horizontal structure supported by columns, consisting of three main sections: the architrave, frieze, and cornice, which collectively form the upper part of classical architecture.

pediment:

A pediment is a triangular gable above a portico or entrance, often adorned with sculptures or reliefs, and typically situated above the cornice.