1890 to 1945

Definition

The period from 1890 to 1945 encompasses significant social, political, and economic changes in the United States, marked by events such as the rise of industrialization, two World Wars, and the Great Depression. This era saw a transformation in American society with movements for civil rights, women's suffrage, and a shift towards a more active role in global affairs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The period saw rapid industrialization, leading to urbanization and significant changes in labor conditions and workers' rights.
2. The U.S. emerged as a world power after participating in World War I (1914-1918), which shifted its foreign policy towards more engagement on the global stage.
3. The Great Depression began with the stock market crash in 1929 and had lasting effects on the economy, leading to widespread unemployment and poverty.
4. World War II (1939-1945) transformed the U.S. economy, creating jobs through war production and ultimately pulling the country out of the Great Depression.
5. Social movements during this period laid the groundwork for future civil rights advancements, including the fight for women's suffrage that culminated in the 19th Amendment in 1920.

Review Questions

• How did industrialization during this period impact American society and labor movements?
  • Industrialization led to significant changes in American society, including urbanization as people moved to cities for work. This transition caused poor working conditions, long hours, and low wages, prompting the rise of labor movements that advocated for workers' rights. As unions formed and gained strength during this time, they played a key role in pushing for better labor laws and protections.
• In what ways did the Great Depression shape government policies and social attitudes in America?
  • The Great Depression profoundly influenced government policies through initiatives like the New Deal, which aimed to provide relief, recovery, and reform. This period saw a shift towards more government involvement in economic affairs as Americans turned to the federal government for support. The experiences of hardship also fostered a sense of community among citizens and prompted movements that demanded social justice and equality.
• Evaluate how U.S. involvement in World War II marked a turning point in its foreign policy from isolationism to global engagement.
  • U.S. involvement in World War II represented a significant turning point in its foreign policy as it moved away from isolationism toward active global engagement. Initially hesitant to intervene in international conflicts, events like the attack on Pearl Harbor forced America into war. This shift not only altered perceptions about U.S. responsibilities on the world stage but also led to its emergence as a superpower post-war, changing international dynamics permanently.

Related terms

Progressive Era:

A period of social activism and political reform in the United States from the 1890s to the 1920s that aimed to address issues caused by industrialization, urbanization, and corruption.

New Deal:

A series of programs and policies implemented by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in response to the Great Depression, aimed at economic recovery and social reform.

Isolationism:

A foreign policy stance taken by the U.S. primarily during the interwar years, characterized by a reluctance to engage in international conflicts or alliances.