Rutherford B. Hayes was the 19th president of the United States, serving from 1877 to 1881. His presidency occurred during the Gilded Age, a period characterized by economic growth, political corruption, and social unrest. Hayes is known for his efforts to reform the civil service and his attempts to reconcile the divisions left by the Civil War, as well as his controversial election that was decided by a compromise.
5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test
Rutherford B. Hayes was elected president after a highly contested election in 1876, which led to widespread claims of voter fraud and political maneuvering.
He is often remembered for his commitment to civil service reform and attempted to implement measures to combat patronage and improve government efficiency.
During his presidency, Hayes advocated for the end of Reconstruction policies in the South, leading to increased tensions between races and the establishment of Jim Crow laws.
His administration also faced economic challenges, including the nationwide depression that began in 1873, which influenced his policies and responses to labor unrest.
Hayes chose not to run for re-election in 1880, keeping his promise to serve only one term, which set a precedent for future presidents.
Review Questions
How did the Compromise of 1877 shape the political landscape of the United States during Hayes's presidency?
The Compromise of 1877 was crucial in determining Hayes's presidency as it resolved the contentious election of 1876. In exchange for Democratic acceptance of Hayes's presidency, Republicans agreed to withdraw federal troops from Southern states, effectively ending Reconstruction. This compromise allowed Hayes to take office but also led to increased racial tensions and the eventual establishment of Jim Crow laws, significantly impacting Southern politics for decades.
What were some key initiatives that Rutherford B. Hayes pursued regarding civil service reform during his administration?
Hayes actively pushed for civil service reform as part of his broader agenda to reduce government corruption. He established a merit-based system for federal employment, moving away from the spoils system that had dominated politics prior. His administration implemented examinations for government jobs and sought to promote candidates based on qualifications rather than political connections. These reforms laid the groundwork for future civil service improvements.
Evaluate the long-term impacts of Rutherford B. Hayes's presidency on American society and politics during the Gilded Age.
Rutherford B. Hayes's presidency had significant long-term impacts on American society and politics during the Gilded Age, particularly through his commitment to civil service reform and his approach to race relations. While he made strides towards reducing corruption in government hiring practices, his withdrawal of troops from the South marked a regression in African American rights and led to systemic discrimination through Jim Crow laws. Additionally, his presidency highlighted the struggles between industrial growth and social justice, setting the stage for future political movements aimed at addressing these inequalities.
An informal agreement that resolved the disputed 1876 presidential election, resulting in Hayes's election and the withdrawal of federal troops from the South.
A term used to describe the late 19th century in America, marked by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and significant social challenges alongside political corruption.