Aztecs in Mexico

Definition

The Aztecs were a Mesoamerican civilization that thrived in central Mexico from the 14th to the 16th centuries, known for their impressive architectural achievements, complex social structure, and rich cultural traditions. Their capital, Tenochtitlán, was one of the largest cities in the world at its peak and became a major center of trade and culture before the arrival of Europeans, significantly influencing European exploration efforts in the Americas.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Aztec Empire emerged from earlier cultures such as the Toltecs and built a powerful civilization through military conquest and trade.
2. Aztecs practiced human sacrifice as part of their religious beliefs, which they believed was necessary to appease their gods and ensure agricultural fertility.
3. The arrival of Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernán Cortés in 1519, marked the beginning of the end for the Aztec Empire due to superior weaponry and diseases brought by Europeans.
4. Aztec society was highly stratified, with a ruling class of nobles and priests at the top, while farmers and laborers made up the majority of the population.
5. The legacy of the Aztecs includes significant contributions to agriculture, including the development of chinampas or floating gardens that allowed for increased agricultural production.

Review Questions

• How did the social structure of the Aztec Empire influence its governance and daily life?
  • The social structure of the Aztec Empire was hierarchical, with a ruling class composed of nobles and priests at the top. This system influenced governance as power was concentrated among the elite who made decisions regarding warfare, religion, and trade. Daily life for commoners revolved around agriculture and tribute obligations, reflecting how social class dictated one's role within society and access to resources.
• Discuss the impact of European exploration on the Aztec civilization and its eventual downfall.
  • European exploration had a profound impact on the Aztec civilization. When Hernán Cortés arrived in 1519, he encountered a vast empire with rich resources but also internal divisions. The introduction of European diseases devastated the native population, while Cortés exploited rivalries among different tribes to secure alliances. This combination of military conquest and biological disaster ultimately led to the fall of Tenochtitlán in 1521.
• Evaluate how the cultural achievements of the Aztecs contributed to their identity and influenced subsequent civilizations in the Americas.
  • The cultural achievements of the Aztecs, including their sophisticated architectural designs like temples and pyramids, advancements in agriculture like chinampas, and rich artistic expressions through sculpture and painting, played a key role in shaping their identity. These innovations not only demonstrated their advanced societal organization but also influenced subsequent civilizations in Mesoamerica. The legacies of their religious practices, language, and agricultural techniques were incorporated into later cultures, making them pivotal in understanding Mesoamerican history.

Related terms

Tenochtitlán: The capital city of the Aztec Empire, located on an island in Lake Texcoco, known for its advanced infrastructure and stunning temples.

Quetzalcoatl: A prominent deity in Aztec mythology associated with wind, air, and learning, often depicted as a feathered serpent.

Tribute System: The system established by the Aztecs requiring conquered peoples to pay tribute in goods, labor, or services, which helped sustain the empire's wealth and power.