Ibn Khaldun: Ibn Khaldun was an influential North African historian and scholar known for his work on historiography and sociology.
Avicenna: Avicenna, also known as Ibn Sina, was a Persian physician, philosopher, and scientist who made significant contributions to medicine and philosophy.
Al-Khwarizmi: Al-Khwarizmi was a Persian mathematician who is often referred to as the 'father of algebra' for his foundational work in this field.