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La ingeniería genética

Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Verified for the 2026 exam
Verified for the 2026 examWritten by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025

Definition

La ingeniería genética es el conjunto de técnicas que permiten modificar el material genético de un organismo para obtener características deseadas. Esto incluye la manipulación de genes mediante la adición, eliminación o alteración de secuencias de ADN, y se aplica en diversos campos como la medicina, la agricultura y la biotecnología.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. La ingeniería genética se utiliza para desarrollar cultivos resistentes a plagas y enfermedades, mejorando así la producción agrícola y la seguridad alimentaria.
  2. En medicina, se aplica para crear terapias génicas que pueden tratar enfermedades hereditarias mediante la modificación del ADN en las células del paciente.
  3. Las técnicas de ingeniería genética han permitido el desarrollo de medicamentos biológicos, como insulina y hormonas de crecimiento, que son producidos por organismos modificados.
  4. El uso de organismos transgénicos ha generado debates éticos y ambientales sobre sus efectos en la biodiversidad y la salud humana.
  5. La ingeniería genética también se utiliza en la investigación científica para entender mejor las funciones genéticas y desarrollar nuevas tecnologías médicas.

Review Questions

  • How does genetic engineering impact agriculture and food production?
    • Genetic engineering significantly impacts agriculture by enabling the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that are resistant to pests, diseases, and adverse environmental conditions. These modifications can lead to higher crop yields and reduced reliance on chemical pesticides, which can benefit farmers and consumers alike. Additionally, crops can be engineered to have enhanced nutritional profiles, addressing food security and health issues in various populations.
  • Discuss the ethical considerations associated with genetic engineering in medicine.
    • The ethical considerations surrounding genetic engineering in medicine include concerns about equity in access to treatments, the potential for 'designer babies,' and the long-term effects of gene editing on human genetics. There is also apprehension regarding the unforeseen consequences of altering human DNA, which could lead to new diseases or genetic conditions. Balancing innovation with ethical responsibility is crucial as advancements continue to be made in this field.
  • Evaluate the potential future implications of genetic engineering on society and the environment.
    • The potential future implications of genetic engineering on society and the environment are vast and complex. As techniques like CRISPR become more accessible, there may be opportunities for significant advancements in healthcare, agriculture, and environmental conservation. However, these advancements could also lead to increased social inequalities if access is limited to wealthier individuals or nations. Additionally, the impact on ecosystems must be carefully managed to avoid negative effects on biodiversity and natural habitats as transgenic organisms are introduced into the environment.

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