Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS): This technique uses magnetic fields to stimulate or suppress brain activity by generating small electrical currents in targeted regions.
Optogenetics: Optogenetics involves using light-sensitive proteins inserted into neurons and then using light to either stimulate or suppress their activity.
Pharmacological methods: Certain drugs can be used to temporarily suppress neural activity by targeting specific neurotransmitters or receptors involved in brain signaling.