External Validity:External validity refers to the extent to which research findings can be generalized or applied beyond the specific study or sample. It assesses whether the results hold true in real-world settings or for different populations.
Ecological Validity:Ecological validity examines how well research findings reflect behaviors that occur naturally in real-life environments rather than artificial laboratory conditions.
Cross-species Generalization: Cross-species generalization considers whether findings from studies conducted on animals (such as monkeys) can be extended and applied to humans.