key term - Protein Synthesis

Definition

The process by which cells build proteins using the instructions encoded in DNA. It involves two main steps: transcription, where the information from DNA is transcribed into RNA, and translation, where the RNA is used to assemble amino acids into a protein.

Related terms

Ribosomes: Cellular structures that serve as the site of protein synthesis. They read the instructions provided by RNA and help assemble amino acids into proteins.

Transcription: The first step of protein synthesis where an RNA molecule is synthesized using DNA as a template.

Translation: The second step of protein synthesis where amino acids are assembled into a polypeptide chain based on the sequence of mRNA.