These are social groups with which an individual does not identify. They're like the opposing teams in sports; you don't feel connected to them and may even view them negatively.
This is the practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility. It's like everyone deciding to order pizza because no one wants to be the one who suggests something different.
Social comparison theory: This theory suggests that individuals determine their own social and personal worth based on how they stack up against others. It's like comparing your test scores with your classmates' scores to gauge where you stand academically.