An experimental setup refers to the specific arrangement and conditions in which an experiment is conducted to investigate a hypothesis or research question. It involves manipulating independent variables, measuring dependent variables, and controlling extraneous factors.
A control group is a group in an experiment that does not receive the treatment or manipulation being tested. It serves as a baseline for comparison with the experimental group.
The independent variable is the factor that researchers deliberately manipulate or change in an experiment to observe its effect on the dependent variable.
The dependent variable is the outcome or response that researchers measure or observe in an experiment. Its value depends on changes made to the independent variable.