A research design that involves manipulating variables to determine cause-and-effect relationships. Researchers use this design to study the effect of an independent variable on a dependent variable while controlling for other factors.
The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher in an experiment.
The variable that is measured or observed and is expected to change as a result of manipulating the independent variable.
A group in an experiment that does not receive any treatment or manipulation, serving as a baseline for comparison with the experimental group.