The behaviorist approach is a psychological perspective that focuses on observable behaviors and how they are learned through conditioning. It emphasizes the role of the environment in shaping behavior and believes that all behaviors, including thoughts and emotions, can be explained by external factors.
Classical conditioning is a type of learning where an organism learns to associate two stimuli together. For example, Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate at the sound of a bell because they were conditioned to expect food when they heard the bell.
Operant conditioning is a type of learning where behavior is strengthened or weakened by consequences. Positive reinforcement involves adding something desirable after a behavior, while negative reinforcement involves removing something aversive after a behavior.
Behavior modification refers to techniques used to change or modify behaviors using principles from behavioral psychology. These techniques often involve identifying specific target behaviors and implementing strategies such as positive reinforcement or punishment to encourage desired changes.