Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Verified for the 2026 exam
Verified for the 2026 exam•Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
Substance addiction refers to the compulsive use of drugs or alcohol despite negative consequences. It involves both physical dependence (tolerance and withdrawal symptoms) as well as psychological dependence (cravings and loss of control).
In the context of substance addiction, reinforcement refers to any stimulus or event that increases the likelihood of drug-seeking behavior.
Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical or psychological symptoms experienced when a person stops using a substance after prolonged use. These symptoms are often uncomfortable and can contribute to relapse.
A neurotransmitter that plays a key role in reward-motivated behavior. Drugs of abuse often increase dopamine levels, leading to pleasurable effects and reinforcing addictive behaviors.