Top-Down Processing: This refers to a cognitive approach where our prior knowledge, expectations, and context influence our perception. For example, when we see an incomplete image or hear partial information, our brain fills in the missing details based on what we expect.
Sensory Receptors: These are specialized cells that detect specific types of sensory information (e.g., light for vision or sound waves for hearing) and transmit it to the brain for processing.
Gestalt Principles:These principles describe how we organize sensory information into meaningful wholes or patterns. They include concepts like figure-ground relationship (distinguishing objects from their background), similarity (grouping similar items together), and closure (perceiving complete shapes even when there are gaps).