A voltmeter is an instrument used to measure the potential difference or voltage across two points in a circuit. It measures how much electrical energy is being transferred between those points.
Imagine you have two buckets of water at different heights. The voltmeter acts like a measuring tape that tells you how much gravitational potential energy exists between those buckets.
Electromotive Force (EMF): EMF is the potential difference or voltage produced by a source such as a battery or generator.
Ammeter: An ammeter is an instrument used to measure the electric current flowing through a circuit. It tells us how many charges are passing through it per unit time.
Resistance: Resistance refers to how much opposition there is for electric current flow in a material or component of a circuit.
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