Center of Mass: The center of mass is the point in a system where the total mass can be considered to be concentrated. It simplifies calculations involving motion and forces acting on an object.
Torque: Torque is a measure of how effectively a force causes rotation around an axis. It depends on both the magnitude and direction of the force relative to the axis.
Moment of Inertia: The moment of inertia measures an object's resistance to changes in rotational motion. It depends on both the mass distribution and shape of the object.