Capacitors store electrical energy by accumulating charge on two conductive plates separated by an insulating material called dielectric.
Dielectric Constant (k): The dielectric constant measures how well an insulating material can store electric charge between capacitor plates.
Charging Time Constant (RC): The charging time constant determines how quickly or slowly a capacitor charges or discharges in an RC circuit.
Energy Stored: The energy stored in a capacitor is proportional to the square of its voltage and capacitance, given by the formula E = 1/2 * C * V^2.