Supertonic chord

Definition

The supertonic chord is built on the second degree of a diatonic scale and typically consists of a root, a third, and a fifth. It plays a significant role in harmony, often functioning as a predominant chord that leads to the dominant chord, creating tension and resolution within musical progressions.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In major keys, the supertonic chord is usually minor (e.g., D minor in C major), while in natural minor keys, it is typically diminished (e.g., B diminished in A minor).
2. The supertonic chord often appears in common progressions like ii-V-I, where it precedes the dominant chord and enhances the resolution back to the tonic.
3. In classical music, composers frequently use the supertonic chord to create tension before moving to the dominant or tonic chords, especially in cadences.
4. The supertonic can also function as a substitute for other chords, allowing for creative variations in harmonic progressions.
5. In jazz and modern music, extended and altered forms of the supertonic chord are often used to add color and complexity to harmonies.

Review Questions

• How does the supertonic chord function within common chord progressions?
  • The supertonic chord serves as a predominant chord in many common progressions, particularly in ii-V-I sequences. This means it leads into the dominant chord, creating tension that naturally resolves back to the tonic. By understanding its role within these progressions, musicians can appreciate how it helps shape harmonic movement and emotional impact in music.
• Compare and contrast the characteristics of the supertonic chord in major versus minor keys.
  • In major keys, the supertonic chord is typically a minor triad built on the second scale degree, while in natural minor keys, it is usually diminished. This distinction affects how each version functions within harmonic progressions. The minor supertonic contributes a softer, more stable sound compared to the tension-filled diminished supertonic found in minor keys, influencing how composers approach harmonic writing.
• Evaluate the role of the supertonic chord in creating tension and resolution in musical compositions.
  • The supertonic chord is essential for establishing tension within musical compositions due to its predominant function that leads into the dominant chord. This tension creates anticipation that enhances listener engagement before resolving back to the tonic. By analyzing how composers utilize this harmonic device across various styles and genres, one can see its impact on emotional expression and overall musical architecture.

Related terms

Diatonic Scale:

A seven-note scale that includes five whole steps and two half steps, creating the basis for the chords in a key.

Dominant Chord: The chord built on the fifth degree of the scale, which creates a strong pull back to the tonic, completing the harmonic cycle.

Predominant Function:

A harmonic function that prepares for the arrival of the dominant chord, typically involving the supertonic chord and its variations.