Semitone

Definition

A semitone is the smallest musical interval commonly used in Western music, representing the distance between two adjacent keys on a piano keyboard, whether they are white or black. This fundamental interval is crucial for understanding the structure of scales, chords, and harmonic relationships. Semitones play an important role in the formation of various scales and can create tension or resolution in music, influencing both melody and harmony.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In Western music, there are twelve unique semitones within one octave, which can be represented on a keyboard by all the keys (black and white).
2. The distance of a semitone can be found between any two adjacent pitches, such as C to C# or E to F.
3. Semitones are vital in constructing various scales, including major and minor scales, which use specific arrangements of whole tones and semitones.
4. The concept of enharmonic equivalents arises from semitones; for example, C# and Db are enharmonically equivalent because they sound the same but are notated differently.
5. In terms of tuning systems, the equal temperament system divides the octave into 12 equal parts (semitones), allowing for consistent pitch relationships across different keys.

Review Questions

• How do semitones contribute to the construction of both diatonic and chromatic scales?
  • Semitones are fundamental to building both diatonic and chromatic scales. In a chromatic scale, each note is separated by a semitone, allowing for all twelve pitches within an octave. In contrast, a diatonic scale consists of a specific arrangement of whole tones and semitones, typically following a pattern that creates seven distinct pitches. The placement of semitones in these scales directly affects their overall sound and character.
• Discuss how the concept of enharmonic equivalents relates to semitones and affects musical notation.
  • Enharmonic equivalents are pairs of notes that sound the same but are written differently, such as C# and Db. This concept relates directly to semitones because enharmonic equivalents arise from the fact that they represent the same pitch interval of one semitone apart. In musical notation, using enharmonic equivalents allows composers to choose specific spellings that fit the harmonic context better, even though they may sound identical.
• Evaluate the importance of understanding semitones in creating tension and resolution within musical compositions.
  • Understanding semitones is crucial for composers and musicians in crafting tension and resolution within their pieces. Semitones can create dissonance when used in certain contexts, generating a feeling of tension that seeks resolution. For instance, moving from a diminished chord to a major chord often involves resolving semitones upwards to create a satisfying harmonic conclusion. By skillfully using semitones, composers can manipulate emotions and guide listeners through a musical narrative.

Related terms

Whole Tone: A whole tone is an interval consisting of two semitones, creating a larger step between notes. It is essential for building scales and understanding musical distances.

Chromatic Scale:

The chromatic scale is a scale that includes all twelve semitones within an octave. It is built by moving in semitone steps and serves as the foundation for more complex scales.

Diatonic Scale:

A diatonic scale is a seven-note scale that includes five whole tones and two semitones, typically arranged in a specific pattern. It forms the basis of most Western music.