Pedal Tone

Definition

A pedal tone is a sustained note, usually in the bass, that remains constant while harmonies change above it. This technique creates a sense of tension and resolution, as the harmonies shift around the stationary pedal tone. It is commonly used to emphasize a key area or to create a dramatic effect in music.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. In prevalent harmonic contexts, pedal tones often occur on the tonic or dominant notes, reinforcing their significance within the tonal structure.
2. Pedal tones can be found in various musical styles, from classical to jazz and popular music, showcasing their versatility.
3. When used with seventh chords, pedal tones can enhance the harmonic complexity and contribute to richer textures in music.
4. The effectiveness of a pedal tone often relies on its placement within the phrase structure, as well as how it interacts with the changing harmonies above it.
5. Composers may use pedal tones strategically to build tension before a resolution or to evoke specific emotional responses from the listener.

Review Questions

• How does a pedal tone function within the context of predominant seventh chords?
  • A pedal tone can significantly enhance predominant seventh chords by providing a stable foundation while the harmony shifts. As predominant seventh chords typically lead to dominant chords, the pedal tone creates tension that is resolved when moving to the tonic. This interplay adds depth to harmonic progressions and makes the transition feel more impactful.
• What are some compositional techniques that incorporate pedal tones, particularly in relation to the vi (VI) chord?
  • Composers often use pedal tones in conjunction with the vi (VI) chord to create contrasting textures. By maintaining a constant bass note while shifting harmonies above, composers can evoke an emotional depth that highlights the unique character of the vi chord. This technique effectively draws attention to both the pedal tone and the changing harmonies, resulting in compelling musical phrases.
• Evaluate how the use of pedal tones influences listener perception and emotional response in music featuring predominant seventh chords and vi (VI) chords.
  • The use of pedal tones greatly influences how listeners perceive harmony and emotional context in music. When employed with predominant seventh chords, pedal tones build anticipation and create moments of tension that can lead to satisfying resolutions. In contrast, when combined with vi (VI) chords, they evoke feelings of melancholy or introspection, as the stable bass contrasts with shifting harmonies above. This interplay between stability and change invites listeners to engage more deeply with the music's emotional landscape.

Related terms

Suspension:

A suspension occurs when a note from a previous chord is held over into the next chord, creating a momentary dissonance before resolving to a consonant note.

Dissonance:

Dissonance refers to a combination of notes that creates tension or instability, often requiring resolution to consonance for a sense of closure.

Tonicization:

Tonicization is the process of temporarily emphasizing a chord other than the tonic, often achieved through chromatic alterations or modulation.