Major 7th chord (MM or M7)

Definition

A Major 7th chord, often notated as MM or M7, is a four-note chord that consists of a root note, a major third, a perfect fifth, and a major seventh. This chord is characterized by its bright and lush sound, making it a staple in various genres of music, particularly jazz and pop. Understanding its structure and how it functions within harmonic progressions is essential for effective composition and analysis.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. A Major 7th chord is constructed with the intervals: major third (4 half steps), perfect fifth (7 half steps), and major seventh (11 half steps) above the root.
2. In Roman numeral analysis, the Major 7th chord built on the tonic of a key is represented as 'I^7'.
3. Major 7th chords often function as tonic or subdominant chords in many genres, providing a sense of resolution and richness.
4. The inclusion of the major seventh creates tension that often resolves nicely into dominant or tonic chords, enhancing musical progression.
5. In jazz music, Major 7th chords are frequently used in extended harmony, often leading to more complex chords such as Major 9th or Major 11th.

Review Questions

• How do the intervals that make up a Major 7th chord contribute to its unique sound compared to other seventh chords?
  • The intervals in a Major 7th chord include a major third, perfect fifth, and major seventh from the root note. This combination gives it a bright and lush quality that stands out among other seventh chords, like the Dominant 7th which includes a minor seventh. The major seventh interval adds tension while still retaining sweetness, allowing it to resolve smoothly into dominant or tonic chords. This unique sound makes it particularly popular in jazz and pop music.
• Discuss how Major 7th chords are typically used within harmonic progressions in various musical genres.
  • Major 7th chords are commonly used as tonic or subdominant chords in harmonic progressions. In many pop songs, they provide a rich sound that enhances the emotional quality of the music. In jazz, they serve as pivot points for improvisation and lead into more complex harmonies like Major 9ths. Their ability to create tension with the major seventh interval makes them effective in moving towards resolution points within progressions.
• Evaluate the impact of incorporating Major 7th chords into compositions on overall musical expression and listener perception.
  • Incorporating Major 7th chords into compositions significantly enhances overall musical expression by adding layers of complexity and richness to harmony. The bright sound creates an uplifting atmosphere that can evoke specific emotional responses from listeners. By skillfully utilizing Major 7ths alongside other chord types, composers can create dynamic contrasts and develop intricate harmonic textures that engage listeners on multiple levels. This versatility in expression makes the Major 7th chord an invaluable tool for any composer seeking to convey nuanced feelings through their music.

Related terms

Triad:

A triad is a three-note chord consisting of a root, third, and fifth. Major 7th chords are built on top of triads.

Dominant 7th chord: A Dominant 7th chord consists of a major triad and a minor seventh, creating a strong resolution to the tonic in harmonic progressions.

Chord inversion: Chord inversions refer to rearranging the order of notes in a chord. Major 7th chords can be played in different inversions to create varied sounds.