Dominant Seventh Chords

Definition

A dominant seventh chord is a four-note chord that consists of a major triad plus a minor seventh. This chord is typically built on the fifth scale degree of a key, creating a strong tendency to resolve to the tonic chord. The unique sound of the dominant seventh chord introduces tension that seeks resolution, making it an essential element in functional harmony and common practices in Western music.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The notes in a dominant seventh chord consist of the root, major third, perfect fifth, and minor seventh, giving it a distinctive sound.
2. In the key of C major, the dominant seventh chord is G7, which consists of the notes G, B, D, and F.
3. Dominant seventh chords create strong tension that resolves typically to the tonic chord, enhancing musical phrases.
4. This type of chord is often used in jazz and blues styles for its rich harmonic texture and ability to create movement.
5. The altered versions of dominant seventh chords include raised or lowered fifths and ninths, which can add even more tension and color.

Review Questions

• How does a dominant seventh chord function within a harmonic progression?
  • A dominant seventh chord functions by creating tension that strongly resolves to the tonic chord. When played, it leads listeners to expect a return to the home base of the key. This movement from the dominant seventh to the tonic enhances musical phrases and contributes to the overall emotional effect in compositions.
• Discuss the role of dominant seventh chords in different musical styles such as jazz and classical music.
  • In jazz, dominant seventh chords are crucial for improvisation and harmonic complexity, often featuring altered extensions like flat ninths or sharp ninths. In classical music, they serve as pivotal points in modulation and harmonic development, emphasizing transitions between keys. Both styles utilize these chords to create rich textures and dynamic movement within their compositions.
• Evaluate how understanding dominant seventh chords contributes to a musician's ability to analyze and compose music effectively.
  • Understanding dominant seventh chords equips musicians with essential tools for both analysis and composition. By recognizing how these chords create tension and lead to resolution, musicians can better interpret harmonic progressions and structure their own compositions effectively. This knowledge allows for creative use of tension-building techniques, improving overall musical expression and coherence in their work.

Related terms

Tonic Chord:

The tonic chord is built on the first scale degree of a key and serves as the home base or point of resolution in music, often following a dominant seventh chord.

Subdominant Chord: The subdominant chord is built on the fourth scale degree and often leads to the dominant seventh chord, playing a vital role in creating harmonic movement.

Resolution:

Resolution refers to the process where a chord, especially a dominant seventh chord, moves to its tonic or home chord, creating a sense of closure and completeness in music.