Dominant Scale Degree

Definition

The dominant scale degree, known as the fifth scale degree of a diatonic scale, plays a crucial role in tonal music as it creates tension that seeks resolution to the tonic. This degree, often represented as 'V', is essential for establishing the harmonic function within a key, and its chords are commonly used to lead back to the tonic. The dominant scale degree is vital in creating a sense of movement and direction in music, particularly through various chord progressions and cadences.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The dominant scale degree is critical in establishing tension that resolves to the tonic, creating a satisfying musical experience.
2. Chords built on the dominant scale degree, such as V7, often contain additional notes that enhance their function, leading to increased tension.
3. In the context of additional 6/4 chords, the dominant scale degree can support various harmonizations, allowing for creative resolutions.
4. Voice leading practices often emphasize smooth transitions between the dominant and tonic chords to create coherence in harmonic progressions.
5. The use of dominant chords is common in cadences, which mark the end of phrases and provide closure in musical compositions.

Review Questions

• How does the dominant scale degree function within a harmonic progression?
  • The dominant scale degree serves as a pivotal point in harmonic progressions by creating tension that resolves to the tonic. For example, moving from a V chord to a I chord establishes a sense of closure and satisfaction. This relationship is fundamental in tonal music, as composers often utilize this progression to enhance emotional impact and guide listeners through the musical narrative.
• Discuss how additional 6/4 chords relate to the dominant scale degree and their role in harmonic structure.
  • Additional 6/4 chords can be used as embellishments or passing harmonies associated with the dominant scale degree. For instance, a V6/4 chord can act as an alternative way to approach the dominant chord before resolving back to the tonic. These chords provide richer harmonic textures and create opportunities for voice leading, enhancing the movement toward resolution.
• Evaluate the importance of voice leading when transitioning from the dominant scale degree to other chords in tonal music.
  • Voice leading plays a crucial role when transitioning from the dominant scale degree to other chords, especially to the tonic. Effective voice leading ensures that each individual melodic line moves smoothly from one chord to another, which creates coherence within harmonic progressions. In practical terms, this might mean minimizing leaps between notes or resolving tensions naturally, enhancing the overall flow of the music and making resolutions more satisfying for listeners.

Related terms

Tonic:

The tonic is the first scale degree of a diatonic scale, serving as the home base or point of resolution in tonal music.

Subdominant:

The subdominant is the fourth scale degree in a diatonic scale and acts as a preparatory chord that can move to the dominant or tonic.

Diatonic Harmony: Diatonic harmony refers to the chords and harmonies built using only the notes of a specific scale, emphasizing the relationships between scale degrees.