Descending Fifths Sequence

Definition

A descending fifths sequence is a musical pattern where chords are constructed by moving down by perfect fifths in succession. This sequence can create a strong sense of progression and can often lead to tonic resolutions, making it an effective tool in both harmonic and melodic writing. By utilizing this sequence, composers can develop tension and release through the establishment of secondary leading tone chords, enriching their harmonic vocabulary.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Descending fifths sequences often create a smooth, flowing harmonic progression that is easy to follow.
2. These sequences can be utilized to build tension that resolves nicely to tonic chords, enhancing overall musical structure.
3. When writing secondary leading tone chords, a descending fifths sequence can effectively introduce altered harmonies that enrich the music.
4. In four-part harmony, voice leading must be carefully considered to avoid parallel fifths when using descending fifths sequences.
5. Composers like Bach frequently employed descending fifths sequences in their works, showcasing their effectiveness in counterpoint and thematic development.

Review Questions

• How does a descending fifths sequence enhance the part writing of secondary leading tone chords?
  • A descending fifths sequence enhances part writing by creating a natural flow of harmony that supports the resolution of secondary leading tone chords. As each chord moves down by perfect fifths, it creates a stronger pull towards the tonic, effectively setting up the leading tone to resolve. This sequencing not only helps maintain voice leading principles but also enriches harmonic texture by allowing for the introduction of varied inversions and harmonizations.
• In what ways does the use of descending fifths sequences impact voice leading within four-part harmony?
  • The use of descending fifths sequences in four-part harmony impacts voice leading significantly, as careful attention must be given to avoid parallel perfect intervals, particularly fifths. As chords move downward, maintaining independent motion between voices becomes crucial to ensure each line remains melodic and distinct. Good voice leading practices will result in smoother transitions and enhance the overall richness of the harmonic progressions created by these sequences.
• Evaluate how composers can utilize descending fifths sequences to create thematic development within their works.
  • Composers can utilize descending fifths sequences as a powerful tool for thematic development by using them to establish motifs that recur throughout their pieces. By varying dynamics, instrumentation, or rhythm while maintaining the underlying harmonic structure of a descending fifths sequence, composers can create compelling contrasts and build emotional intensity. This technique allows for seamless transitions between different sections while still retaining thematic cohesion, making it an essential element in effective compositional practice.

Related terms

Perfect Fifth:

A musical interval that spans seven semitones, commonly used in harmony and chord construction.

Leading Tone:

The seventh scale degree in a diatonic scale, which creates a strong resolution to the tonic when approached.

Secondary Dominant: A dominant chord that resolves to a diatonic chord other than the tonic, often functioning to temporarily tonicize that chord.