Jim Crow Laws: State laws enacted between the late 19th century and mid-20th century that enforced racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans.
Separate but Equal Doctrine: The legal principle established by Plessy v Ferguson (1896) which allowed for separate facilities as long as they were of equal quality. It was overturned by Brown v Board of Education.
Equal Protection Clause: A provision in the Fourteenth Amendment of the U.S. Constitution that guarantees equal protection under the law for all individuals, regardless of race or ethnicity. This clause played a crucial role in the Supreme Court's decision in Brown v Board of Education.