Federalist No.70

Definition

Federalist No. 70 is an essay written by Alexander Hamilton, advocating for a strong executive leader in the form of a single president. The essay argues that a unitary executive is essential for effective governance, providing clarity and accountability, especially during times of crisis, which relates closely to the principles of American government regarding the structure and functions of authority.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. Hamilton wrote Federalist No. 70 in 1788 as part of the Federalist Papers, promoting the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
2. The essay emphasizes that a single, strong executive can respond swiftly and decisively in times of emergency, unlike a group or committee.
3. Hamilton argues that energy in the executive is crucial for good government, which he defines as unity, duration, an adequate provision for its support, and competent powers.
4. Federalist No. 70 counters fears about potential tyranny by asserting that a singular leader would be more easily held accountable than a collective body.
5. The essay has been influential in shaping the understanding and expectations of presidential power in American political thought.

Review Questions

• How does Federalist No. 70 justify the need for a strong executive leadership?
  • Federalist No. 70 argues for a strong executive by emphasizing that a single president can act decisively and effectively, particularly in emergencies where quick action is necessary. Hamilton highlights that having one person in charge leads to clearer accountability and responsibility, making it easier for citizens to know who to hold accountable for decisions made. He believes this strong leadership is crucial for maintaining energy in governance and protecting the nation’s interests.
• Evaluate how Hamilton's arguments in Federalist No. 70 align with the principle of separation of powers.
  • Hamilton's arguments in Federalist No. 70 highlight the importance of a strong presidency within the framework of separation of powers by delineating distinct roles for each branch of government. He asserts that while the executive must be powerful enough to govern effectively, it operates independently from the legislative and judicial branches. This separation ensures that no single branch overreaches its authority, thus providing a balance that protects against tyranny while allowing effective governance through a unitary executive.
• Assess the implications of Federalist No. 70 on modern understandings of presidential power and accountability.
  • Federalist No. 70 has had lasting implications on modern perceptions of presidential power, particularly regarding how presidents are expected to act decisively in crises. Hamilton’s assertion that a single leader can provide accountability has influenced contemporary debates about executive authority versus oversight by Congress and the judiciary. This essay serves as a foundational text that supports arguments for both a powerful presidency and the need for checks on that power, reflecting ongoing tensions between effective governance and accountability within American democracy.

Related terms

Unitary Executive Theory: The theory that the president holds all executive power and can act independently of other branches in executing laws.

Checks and Balances:

A system designed to prevent any one branch of government from gaining too much power, ensuring each branch can limit the others' powers.

Separation of Powers:

The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.