Unfunded Mandates: Unfunded mandates are federal requirements imposed on state and local governments without providing them with the necessary funding to implement those requirements.
Preemption: Preemption occurs when a higher level of government (such as the federal government) imposes regulations that override conflicting regulations at a lower level of government.
Compliance Costs: Compliance costs refer to the financial burden placed on individuals, organizations, or governments in order to meet the requirements of federal mandates.