A decision problem is a computational problem that requires a yes or no answer, such as determining whether a given number is prime.
An optimization problem is different from a decision problem because it seeks to find the best solution among many possible solutions, rather than just determining if something is true or false.
An algorithm is a step-by-step procedure for solving a specific problem, including decision problems.
Complexity Theory: Complexity theory studies how much time and resources are required to solve computational problems, including decision problems.