The sum function is a mathematical operation that calculates the total by adding together all the values in a set or list.
Product Function: Calculates the result of multiplying all values in a set or list together.
Accumulator Variable: A variable used to store and update intermediate results during calculations, such as keeping track of running totals.
Looping Structure (e.g., for loop): Allows repetitive execution of code, which can be useful when performing calculations on multiple values.