Valence Bond Theory

Definition

The valence bond theory is a model that attempts to explain chemical bonding by considering that overlapping atomic orbitals create bonds, where electrons are shared between atoms.

Related terms

Covalent Bonding: This is when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms, which is what valence bond theory primarily explains.

Sigma Bonds (σ): These are covalent bonds formed from direct overlap between atomic orbitals leading to electron sharing on the same axis as the bond.

Pi Bonds (π): These are covalent bonds formed by sideways overlapping of atomic orbitals with electron sharing above and below the bond axis.