An open system is one in which both energy and matter can be exchanged with the surroundings.
Think of an open system like a party with no guest list. Anyone (matter) can come and go as they please, and they can bring or take away anything (energy) from the party.
Mass Transfer: This refers to the movement of physical particles from one place to another, which is possible in an open system.
Heat Transfer: This is the process by which heat energy moves from areas of high temperature to areas of low temperature - again, something that happens in an open system.
Boundary Layer: This term refers to the area within a fluid where the flow velocity changes rapidly. It's important in understanding how substances move into or out of an open system.
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