The effective range refers to the span within which a particular measurement tool can accurately measure. For indicators, this would be their color change range where they can accurately determine the pH.
The effective range is like the zoom on a camera. There's a certain distance where you can take clear, accurate pictures. Too close or too far away, and the image becomes blurry and unreliable.
Accuracy: The closeness of a measured value to its true value.
Precision: The degree to which repeated measurements under unchanged conditions show the same results.
Limit of Quantitation (LOQ): The lowest concentration level that can be determined with acceptable precision and accuracy under stated experimental conditions.
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