The process by which an acid separates into its constituent ions in a solution.
Think of dissociation like a group of friends at a party. When they first arrive, they're all together (like the acid molecule). But as the night goes on, they start to mingle and separate throughout the room (like the ions in solution).
Bronsted-Lowry Acid: An acid that can donate a proton or hydrogen ion.
Arrhenius Acid: A substance that increases the concentration of hydronium ions when dissolved in water.
Acid Constant (Ka): The equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an acid. It provides a measure of an acid's strength in solution.
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