Dipole-Dipole Interactions

Definition

Dipole-dipole interactions are attractive forces between the positive end of one polar molecule and the negative end of another polar molecule, due to the unequal distribution of electron density within each molecule. These interactions occur in compounds that have permanent dipoles.

Related terms

Hydrogen Bonding: A specific type of dipole-dipole interaction where a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative atom (such as oxygen or nitrogen) is attracted to an electronegative atom in another molecule.

London Dispersion Forces: An intermolecular force that arises from temporary fluctuations in electron distribution, resulting in temporary dipoles. All molecules experience these forces, but they are generally weaker than dipole-dipole interactions.

Ion-Dipole Interactions:

Attractive forces between an ion and a polar covalent compound. These occur when ions are dissolved in a solution or when ionic compounds dissolve in polar solvents.