Conjugate acid-base pairs are two substances related by the loss or gain of one proton.
Consider conjugate acid-base pairs as twins where one twin (the base) decided to put on glasses (gain an H+), becoming slightly different but still very much related to his sibling (the acid).
Bronsted-Lowry Acid/Base Theory: This theory defines acids as proton donors and bases as proton acceptors, which directly relates to how conjugate acid-base pairs work.
pH Scale: The scale used to measure acidity or alkalinity based on concentration of H+ ions in solution. The relationship between conjugate acids and bases can affect this measurement.
Equilibrium Constant Expression for Acids/Bases (Ka/Kb): These expressions show how much an acid/base dissociates in water, which involves their respective conjugate base/acid.
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