Capillary action is the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without assistance or even against gravity. It occurs because of intermolecular attractive forces between the liquid and solid surrounding surfaces.
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A meniscus is the curve seen at the top of a liquid in response to its container. The meniscus can be either concave or convex, depending on how the liquid interacts with its container.
Polarity refers to how evenly electrons are shared in a molecule. In polar substances like water, capillary action is more pronounced due to stronger adhesive forces with other polar substances.