Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Verified for the 2026 exam
Verified for the 2026 exam•Written by the Fiveable Content Team • Last updated September 2025
Definition
An effigy mound is an earthwork created in the shape of an animal or object. These mounds were built by Native American cultures for various purposes such as burial sites, ceremonial grounds, or to represent spiritual beliefs.
The Great Serpent Mound is one of the most famous examples of an effigy mound. It is located in Ohio, USA, and represents a serpent when viewed from above.
Adena Culture: The Adena culture was an ancient Native American culture that existed from around 1000 BCE to 200 BCE. They were known for building elaborate burial mounds, including some effigy mounds.
Hopewell Culture: The Hopewell culture was another ancient Native American culture that thrived between 200 BCE and 500 CE. They also constructed impressive earthworks, including large-scale geometric enclosures and effigy mounds.