Sestertius

Definition

The sestertius was a large brass coin used in the Roman Empire, valued at one quarter of a denarius. It played an essential role in the Roman economy and was frequently used for transactions, wages, and taxation. The sestertius not only served as currency but also reflected the economic policies and administrative practices of the imperial state, showcasing the wealth and power of emperors through its inscriptions and designs.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The sestertius was first introduced around 211 BC and became a popular medium for everyday transactions in Roman society.
2. The coin often featured portraits of emperors or significant symbols of Rome, making it a tool for propaganda as well as commerce.
3. Sestertii were commonly used to pay soldiers, which was crucial for maintaining loyalty within the military.
4. Over time, the size and metal composition of the sestertius changed, reflecting economic conditions and inflation during different imperial reigns.
5. The value of the sestertius varied over time due to changes in economic policy and supply issues, affecting its role in trade and taxation.

Review Questions

• How did the sestertius influence trade and commerce within the Roman Empire?
  • The sestertius served as a primary form of currency for everyday transactions, allowing for smoother trade and commerce throughout the Roman Empire. Its widespread use meant that merchants and citizens could conduct business more easily without relying solely on barter systems. The availability of this coin helped standardize values for goods and services, enhancing economic interactions among various regions of the empire.
• Discuss how the design and inscriptions on the sestertius reflected imperial power and propaganda.
  • The design and inscriptions on the sestertius were carefully crafted to convey messages about imperial authority and achievements. By featuring the likenesses of emperors or symbols representing military victories and divine favor, these coins served as tools of propaganda. They reinforced the emperor's image among the populace while also circulating reminders of Rome's strength and stability, influencing public perception.
• Evaluate the impact of inflation on the sestertius during times of economic turmoil in the Roman Empire.
  • Inflation had a significant impact on the sestertius during various periods of economic turmoil in the Roman Empire. As emperors faced financial crises, they often debased the currency by reducing its silver content or altering its weight to produce more coins. This led to diminished trust in the sestertius as a stable form of currency, resulting in higher prices for goods and services. Ultimately, inflation strained economic relationships and contributed to wider social unrest within the empire.

Related terms

denarius: A silver coin that was the standard currency of the Roman Empire, often considered the backbone of Roman monetary systems.

aureus:

A gold coin that represented higher value in the Roman currency system, often used for significant transactions or savings.

numismatics: The study or collection of currency, including coins, tokens, paper money, and related objects, providing insights into historical economies.