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key term - Hammurabi

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Definition

Hammurabi was the sixth king of the First Babylonian Dynasty, reigning from 1792 to 1750 BCE, and is best known for creating one of the earliest and most complete written legal codes, known as the Code of Hammurabi. This code established a set of laws that were meant to govern the diverse population of his empire, reflecting the social hierarchies and values of Mesopotamian society while influencing future legal systems.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

  1. Hammurabi's Code includes laws covering various aspects of daily life, including trade, property rights, family relations, and criminal justice, emphasizing the principle of 'an eye for an eye'.
  2. The stele bearing Hammurabi's Code was discovered in 1901 and is now housed in the Louvre Museum in Paris.
  3. Hammurabi's reign marked a significant consolidation of power in Mesopotamia, as he united various city-states under Babylonian control.
  4. The legal principles established in Hammurabi's Code influenced later legal codes in both ancient and modern societies.
  5. Hammurabi was also noted for his diplomatic skills, establishing trade networks that fostered economic stability within his empire.

Review Questions

  • How did Hammurabi's Code reflect the social structure and values of Babylonian society?
    • Hammurabi's Code reflected Babylonian society by establishing laws that reinforced social hierarchies, including different penalties for individuals based on their social status. For example, the code specified harsher punishments for offenses against higher-status individuals compared to those against lower-status citizens. This system highlighted the importance placed on class distinctions and contributed to maintaining order within a diverse population.
  • Discuss the significance of Hammurabi's Code in the context of ancient legal traditions and its influence on later civilizations.
    • Hammurabi's Code is significant as one of the earliest known legal documents that systematically codified laws governing various aspects of life. It served as a model for future legal systems by introducing concepts such as presumption of innocence and the right to a fair trial. Its principles were referenced by later civilizations, including the Greeks and Romans, demonstrating its lasting impact on legal thought throughout history.
  • Evaluate how Hammurabi's diplomatic strategies contributed to the stability and economic growth of Babylon during his reign.
    • Hammurabi's diplomatic strategies played a crucial role in consolidating power and fostering economic growth in Babylon. By establishing trade networks with neighboring regions, he enhanced economic stability and facilitated cultural exchange. His ability to negotiate alliances with other city-states allowed him to focus on internal governance while also expanding Babylon's influence. This combination of diplomacy and strategic governance led to a prosperous period that solidified Babylon as a leading center in ancient Mesopotamia.

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