Great Persecution

Definition

The Great Persecution refers to a period of intense persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, particularly under the rule of Emperor Diocletian from 303 to 311 CE. This era was marked by systematic efforts to suppress Christianity, including the destruction of churches and the imprisonment and execution of Christians. The Great Persecution aimed to restore traditional Roman religious practices and unify the empire under the old pagan beliefs, directly impacting the Christian community and leading to significant martyrdoms.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Great Persecution was initiated by Diocletian in 303 CE and continued until 311 CE, marking one of the most severe and organized attacks against Christians in Roman history.
2. Under Diocletian's rule, four edicts were issued that mandated the destruction of Christian texts, churches, and required all citizens to perform sacrifices to the traditional Roman gods.
3. Many Christians were arrested and tortured during this period, while others fled to remote areas to escape persecution.
4. This persecution set a precedent for martyrdom in early Christianity, as those who died for their faith were later celebrated as saints.
5. The end of the Great Persecution was signified by the Edict of Galerius in 311 CE, which allowed Christians to practice their faith openly once again.

Review Questions

• How did Diocletian's reforms relate to the initiation of the Great Persecution?
  • Diocletian's reforms aimed at stabilizing and strengthening the Roman Empire led him to seek a unified religious structure. He believed that enforcing traditional pagan practices would help reinforce his authority and maintain social order. As a result, he initiated the Great Persecution against Christians, viewing them as a threat to this unity due to their refusal to worship the traditional gods.
• Evaluate the impact of the Great Persecution on the early Christian church and its followers.
  • The Great Persecution had profound effects on the early Christian church, leading to increased solidarity among believers who faced persecution together. It also resulted in a wave of martyrdoms that inspired future generations and strengthened the resolve of Christians. The persecution underscored the challenges faced by early believers but ultimately contributed to Christianity's growth as it became a more defined and cohesive faith in response to external pressures.
• Analyze how the events during the Great Persecution paved the way for the Edict of Milan and a new era for Christianity in the Roman Empire.
  • The intense suffering and martyrdom during the Great Persecution highlighted both the resilience of Christians and the failure of pagan policies under Diocletian. As tensions mounted, it became clear that an alternative approach was needed. The eventual ascension of Constantine and his support for Christianity culminated in the Edict of Milan in 313 CE, which not only legalized Christianity but also established a foundation for its growth within the empire. This marked a significant shift from persecution to acceptance, fundamentally altering the landscape of religious freedom in Rome.

Related terms

Diocletian:

A Roman emperor who ruled from 284 to 305 CE, known for his extensive reforms and the initiation of the Great Persecution against Christians.

Edict of Milan:

A proclamation issued in 313 CE by Constantine that legalized Christianity and granted religious tolerance throughout the Roman Empire, effectively ending the persecutions.

Martyrdom: The act of dying for one’s faith; during the Great Persecution, many Christians were martyred, leading to their veneration in later Christian tradition.