Assyrian

Definition

The Assyrian refers to the ancient civilization that emerged in Mesopotamia, known for its powerful empire from the 14th to the 7th centuries BCE. This civilization is notable for its contributions to early writing, literature, and advancements in administrative practices, significantly influencing the development of governance and record-keeping in the region.

5 Must Know Facts For Your Next Test

1. The Assyrian Empire was known for its military strength and extensive conquests, which helped spread their culture and writing system across a large area of the ancient Near East.
2. Assyrians made significant advances in written communication, utilizing cuneiform to record laws, literature, and administrative details.
3. The Library of Ashurbanipal contained thousands of clay tablets and is crucial for understanding Assyrian literature, history, and culture.
4. Assyrian art and architecture often depicted their military prowess and royal achievements, which were frequently inscribed in their writings.
5. The use of writing in Assyria facilitated complex administration and governance, allowing for detailed record-keeping that was essential for managing their vast empire.

Review Questions

• How did the Assyrian use of cuneiform writing impact their administration and governance?
  • The Assyrian use of cuneiform writing was crucial for effective administration as it allowed them to maintain detailed records of laws, taxes, military campaigns, and trade. This system enabled communication across vast distances within their empire, facilitating centralized control. The ability to document information helped ensure accountability and organization in governance, setting a precedent for future civilizations.
• Discuss the significance of the Library of Ashurbanipal in preserving Assyrian literature and knowledge.
  • The Library of Ashurbanipal is significant because it housed an extensive collection of texts that preserved not only Assyrian literature but also knowledge from various cultures. It included myths, administrative documents, and scientific texts that provide insights into Assyrian society. This library played a vital role in the transmission of knowledge throughout the ancient world, influencing future generations.
• Evaluate how Assyrian military conquests contributed to their literary developments and record-keeping practices.
  • Assyrian military conquests expanded their territory and facilitated cultural exchange with diverse peoples. As they integrated various regions into their empire, they adopted and adapted different writing practices and literary styles. The need for effective governance over vast lands prompted enhanced record-keeping practices. Consequently, these developments led to a rich literary tradition that not only documented military successes but also reflected broader societal values and beliefs.

Related terms

Cuneiform:

An early system of writing developed by the Sumerians that used wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, later adopted and adapted by the Assyrians.

Library of Ashurbanipal: One of the earliest libraries in history, established by the Assyrian king Ashurbanipal, which housed a vast collection of texts including myths, epics, and administrative documents.

Epic of Gilgamesh:

An ancient Mesopotamian epic poem that explores themes of heroism and mortality, reflecting early literature's complexity and significance in Assyrian culture.