The Action Potential

Definition

An action potential is a rapid, temporary change in the electrical membrane potential of a neuron or muscle cell, allowing it to transmit a signal. It involves an influx of sodium ions into the cell followed by an efflux of potassium ions, restoring the original electrical condition.

Related terms

Neuron:

A neuron is a specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses; it's the basic working unit of the brain and nervous system.

Depolarization:

Depolarization is the initial phase of the action potential where the inside of the neuron becomes less negative compared to the outside due to an influx of sodium ions.

Repolarization:

Repolarization is the process following depolarization where the cell returns to its resting state primarily through the efflux of potassium ions