Myelin sheath

Definition

The myelin sheath is a fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many nerve cells, serving as electrical insulation and increasing the speed at which nerve impulses are conducted. It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system by facilitating rapid signal transmission.

Related terms

Axon:

A long, slender projection of a nerve cell that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body.

Schwann Cells:

Specialized cells that wrap around axons in the peripheral nervous system to form the myelin sheath.

Nodes of Ranvier:

Gaps in the myelin sheath along an axon which facilitate rapid conduction of nerve impulses through saltatory conduction